（梵蒂冈电台讯）教宗方济各9月24日访问华盛顿第3天的主要活动有3项：上午访问美国国会并向众议员发表讲话；前往圣巴特里爵堂区的慈善中心探望无家可归者；之后，教宗离开华盛顿，搭乘座机前往纽约继续他的牧灵访问行程。
教宗于上午9点20分抵达美国国会，他是访问美国国会的首位教宗。教宗先与国会众议院议长约翰·博纳（John Boehner）先生举行私人会谈，然后由博纳先生引入众议院半圆形大厦，向众议员们发表讲话。
美国众议院大厅内有几位伟大立法者的浮雕，梅瑟居于中间。教宗的讲话便从梅瑟谈起，他说：“你们的工作令我想到梅瑟的两个特征。首先，这位以色列子民的圣祖和立法者是以公正的法律途径使人民保持团结意识的象征。其次，梅瑟直接将我们引向天主，使我们获得人的超性尊严。梅瑟为我们很好地总结了国会的工作：以法律途径保护天主在每个人面容上塑造的肖像。”
教宗愿意通过国会议员向全体美国人民说话，其中包括每日努力为生活而奔波的无数男女、退休老人、希望实现理想的青年。他谈及美国人民在经历的各种危机、张力及冲突中晓得忠于基本价值，找到前行的力量，增强自己的尊严。教宗提到美国历史上的四位人物：林肯总统、马丁·路德·金、多梦西·戴女士和多默·默顿。
教宗首先提到今年纪念遇刺150周年的林肯总统，指出对林肯的纪念邀请我们省思争取自由的代价。林肯不知疲倦地努力奋斗，使“这个国家藉着天主的助佑能有一个自由的新生”。建设自由的未来要求我们热爱公益并本着相辅相成及团结互助的精神彼此合作。
谈到满是冲突的今日世界，教宗表示，必须在打击暴力与维护自由之间保持平衡。众所周知，在试图摆脱外患的时候，我们会受到诱惑在内部树敌。国会的责任促使我们竭尽全力促进和平与正义，有勇气和智慧去解决众多由地缘政治和经济危机所造成的问题。
教宗表示，在美国的历史上宗教为建设及巩固社会作出巨大贡献。重要的是，今天应一如既往，使信仰的声音能继续得到聆听，因为这是一个设法使每个人和每个社会发挥最大潜力的友爱声音。谈到1776年的独立宣言，教宗说：“任何政治活动都必须谋求并促进人的福祉，以尊重每个人的尊严为本。”这就是说，今天的政治也必须为人服务，而非做助长经济和金融的奴役。
教宗提到的第二个人物是马丁·路德·金，他有“一个梦”，为美国的非洲后裔争取完全的公民和政治权利。今年是他领导和平游行50周年。教宗表示，美国是一个大多由移民，外乡人组成的国家，因此他尊重美国民主中关于努力争取自由的思想。谈到移民现象，教宗强调我们不该只把他们看作“数字”，而应首先把他们视为“人”，聆听他们的经历，寻找如何更好地回应他们的需要的途径。
多梦西·戴（Dorothy Day）女士是天主教工人运动（Catholic Worker Movement）的创始人，曾为穷人做了许多事。她是教宗提到的第三位人物。教宗表示：“多梦西·戴女士的社会工作，为受压迫者伸张正义的热情都是在福音的启发下，受到信德和圣人的激励。”教宗进而谈到经济发展必须考虑到穷人，为公义服务。公益也包括大地，好能就“我们的共同家园与各方进行对话”，这是他《愿祢受赞颂》通谕的主要思想。
教宗谈到的最后一位人物是多默·默顿（Thomas Merton），一个默想、祈祷、对话及在各民族和宗教间推动和平的人。教宗说：“多默·默顿以他精神上受到的启发为世界和教会的工作开辟了新前景。”在对话前景上，教宗列举了近期为克服历史差异以及过往痛苦事件作出的努力。
最后，教宗谈到他将去费城参加世界家庭大会，重申家庭在建设社会中的基本角色，在一个疑惑一男一女婚姻的时代给予家庭有力的支持。教宗为家庭受到前所未有的威胁感到不安，他要求国会议员关注青年的处境，因为他们经常迷失方向，自暴自弃，看不到社会前景。教宗表示，青年的问题也是我们的问题。我们不可回避这些问题，而应共同面对，设法找出有效的解决途径。
教宗国会演讲突出照顾社会底层民众之重要
美国之音
2015.09.25 05:08
星期四，罗马天主教教宗在美国国会发表演讲期间，呼吁国会成员和美国民众抛开彼此之间的分歧，找回团结有爱的精神，通过互助合作，争取最广泛意义上的社会公益。
教宗方济各是头一位到国会来发表演讲的罗马天主教教宗。在历时50分钟的演讲期间，教宗不止一次被热烈的掌声打断。美国各大电视台纷纷实况转播了这次讲话。与此同时，聚集在国会山外围的民众还可以通过大屏幕电视，观看教宗讲话的实况。
教宗在讲话期间表示：“一个具有政治意义的社会，当它尽力让所有的成员、特别是那些亟需帮助的人，都有所发展、进而服务于全社会的时候，这样的社会将会是持久的。”教宗表示，国会的立法永远应当基于服务民众。
教宗还对美国国会议员表示：“作为国会议员，你们的责任是通过立法，让这个国家有机会成长。”他说：“你们被赋予捍卫国家公民的尊严、不断追求社会公益的职责”；教宗表示，最宽广的意义上的社会公益是一切政治行为的最为重要的目标。
教宗发表演讲之后，在国会上的一个阳台上同美国民主和共和两党的领导人一道，向下面的民众挥手致意。教宗恳请上帝保佑所有在场的儿童，并感谢所有欢迎他此次到访的民众，最后以“上帝保佑美国”结束了他的祈祷。
教宗的演讲得到了绝大多数在场议员的支持。
教宗在美国国会演讲：团结互助是对一个暴力和自私的世界做出的回答
华盛顿（亚洲新闻）—在一个“越来越多的地方充斥暴力冲突、仇恨和残暴野蛮——甚至打着天主和宗教的旗号大肆施暴——的世界中，不能用仇恨回答，而只能用希望与治愈、和平与正义来回答”。同时，是奠定在更新了的合作精神基础上的，特别关注弱势：青年、穷人和移民；捍卫家庭。
这是首位在美国国会发表讲话的教宗，被介绍成“圣座的教宗”。向世界各地直播的教宗方济各英文长篇讲话中指出了当今世界最为紧迫的任务、指出了对话以及团结互助中才有的探索公众利益的道路，“也是所有政治的”目的、其“黄金法则：你想别人怎样对待你，你就应该怎样对待他人”。
今天美国当地时间上午十时，美国国会435名议员以长时间的热烈掌声欢迎教宗。除美国副总统拜登外，最高法院、政府、外交使团等成员出席。教宗引用了四位美国人——林肯、马丁∙路德金、多洛莉丝∙戴伊、托马斯∙弥尔顿。他们是应追随的榜样，从而捍卫自由、抵制各种形式的极端主义；重申梦想的权利；帮助受压制者、永远播种和平。
教宗自我介绍说是“这片伟大大陆的儿子，我们每个人都从这片土地上得到了很多、我们共同对这片大陆承担着责任”。教宗还表示通过在座的代表向全体美国人民讲话，并特别提到了原住民。
教宗讲话全文如下：
“My visit takes place at a time when men and women of good will are marking the anniversaries of several great Americans. The complexities of history and the reality of human weakness notwithstanding, these men and women, for all their many differences and limitations, were able by hard work and self-sacrifice – some at the cost of their lives – to build a better future. They shaped fundamental values which will endure forever in the spirit of the American people.
“This year marks the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, the guardian of liberty, who labored tirelessly that “this nation, under God, [might] have a new birth of freedom”. Building a future of freedom requires love of the common good and cooperation in a spirit of subsidiarity and solidarity.
“All of us are quite aware of, and deeply worried by, the disturbing social and political situation of the world today. Our world is increasingly a place of violent conflict, hatred and brutal atrocities, committed even in the name of God and of religion. We know that no religion is immune from forms of individual delusion or ideological extremism. This means that we must be especially attentive to every type of fundamentalism, whether religious or of any other kind. A delicate balance is required to combat violence perpetrated in the name of a religion, an ideology or an economic system, while also safeguarding religious freedom, intellectual freedom and individual freedoms. But there is another temptation which we must especially guard against: the simplistic reductionism which sees only good or evil; or, if you will, the righteous and sinners. The contemporary world, with its open wounds which affect so many of our brothers and sisters, demands that we confront every form of polarization which would divide it into these two camps. We know that in the attempt to be freed of the enemy without, we can be tempted to feed the enemy within. To imitate the hatred and violence of tyrants and murderers is the best way to take their place. That is something which you, as a people, reject.
“Our response must instead be one of hope and healing, of peace and justice. We are asked to summon the courage and the intelligence to resolve today’s many geopolitical and economic crises. Even in the developed world, the effects of unjust structures and actions are all too apparent. Our efforts must aim at restoring hope, righting wrongs, maintaining commitments, and thus promoting the well-being of individuals and of peoples. We must move forward together, as one, in a renewed spirit of fraternity and solidarity, cooperating generously for the common good.
“The challenges facing us today call for a renewal of that spirit of cooperation, which has accomplished so much good throughout the history of the United States. The complexity, the gravity and the urgency of these challenges demand that we pool our resources and talents, and resolve to support one another, with respect for our differences and our convictions of conscience.
“In this land, the various religious denominations have greatly contributed to building and strengthening society. It is important that today, as in the past, the voice of faith continue to be heard, for it is a voice of fraternity and love, which tries to bring out the best in each person and in each society. Such cooperation is a powerful resource in the battle to eliminate new global forms of slavery, born of grave injustices which can be overcome only through new policies and new forms of social consensus.
“Here I think of the political history of the United States, where democracy is deeply rooted in the mind of the American people. All political activity must serve and promote the good of the human person and be based on respect for his or her dignity. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” (Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776). If politics must truly be at the service of the human person, it follows that it cannot be a slave to the economy and finance. Politics is, instead, an expression of our compelling need to live as one, in order to build as one the greatest common good: that of a community which sacrifices particular interests in order to share, in justice and peace, its goods, its interests, its social life. I do not underestimate the difficulty that this involves, but I encourage you in this effort.
“Here too I think of the march which Martin Luther King led from Selma to Montgomery fifty years ago as part of the campaign to fulfill his “dream” of full civil and political rights for African Americans. That dream continues to inspire us all. I am happy that America continues to be, for many, a land of “dreams”. Dreams which lead to action, to participation, to commitment. Dreams which awaken what is deepest and truest in the life of a people.
“In recent centuries, millions of people came to this land to pursue their dream of building a future in freedom. We, the people of this continent, are not fearful of foreigners, because most of us were once foreigners. I say this to you as the son of immigrants, knowing that so many of you are also descended from immigrants. Tragically, the rights of those who were here long before us were not always respected. For those peoples and their nations, from the heart of American democracy, I wish to reaffirm my highest esteem and appreciation. Those first contacts were often turbulent and violent, but it is difficult to judge the past by the criteria of the present. Nonetheless, when the stranger in our midst appeals to us, we must not repeat the sins and the errors of the past. We must resolve now to live as nobly and as justly as possible, as we educate new generations not to turn their back on our “neighbors” and everything around us.”
Speaking on the matter, Francis said, “Our world is facing a refugee crisis of a magnitude not seen since the Second World War. This presents us with great challenges and many hard decisions. On this continent, too, thousands of persons are led to travel north in search of a better life for themselves and for their loved ones, in search of greater opportunities. Is this not what we want for our own children? We must not be taken aback by their numbers, but rather view them as persons, seeing their faces and listening to their stories, trying to respond as best we can to their situation. To respond in a way which is always humane, just and fraternal. We need to avoid a common temptation nowadays: to discard whatever proves troublesome. Let us remember the Golden Rule: ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you’ (Mt 7:12).
“This Rule points us in a clear direction. Let us treat others with the same passion and compassion with which we want to be treated. Let us seek for others the same possibilities which we seek for ourselves. Let us help others to grow, as we would like to be helped ourselves. In a word, if we want security, let us give security; if we want life, let us give life; if we want opportunities, let us provide opportunities. The yardstick we use for others will be the yardstick which time will use for us. The Golden Rule also reminds us of our responsibility to protect and defend human life at every stage of its development.” Hence, he of his support for the "global abolition of the death penalty", as did the bishops in the United States.
“In these times when social concerns are so important, I cannot fail to mention the Servant of God Dorothy Day, who founded the Catholic Worker Movement. Her social activism, her passion for justice and for the cause of the oppressed, were inspired by the Gospel, her faith, and the example of the saints.
“How much progress has been made in this area in so many parts of the world!” [. . .] much more still needs to be done, and that in times of crisis and economic hardship a spirit of global solidarity must not be lost. At the same time I would encourage you to keep in mind all those people around us who are trapped in a cycle of poverty.
“It goes without saying that part of this great effort is the creation and distribution of wealth. The right use of natural resources, the proper application of technology and the harnessing of the spirit of enterprise are essential elements of an economy which seeks to be modern, inclusive and sustainable. “Business is a noble vocation, directed to producing wealth and improving the world. It can be a fruitful source of prosperity for the area in which it operates, especially if it sees the creation of jobs as an essential part of its service to the common good” (Laudato Si’, 129). This common good also includes the earth, a central theme of the encyclical which I recently wrote in order to “enter into dialogue with all people about our common home” (ibid., 3). “We need a conversation which includes everyone, since the environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all” (ibid., 14).
“In Laudato Si’, I call for a courageous and responsible effort to “redirect our steps” (ibid., 61), and to avert the most serious effects of the environmental deterioration caused by human activity. I am convinced that we can make a difference and I have no doubt that the United States – and this Congress – have an important role to play.
“A century ago, at the beginning of the Great War, which Pope Benedict XV termed a “pointless slaughter”, another notable American was born: the Cistercian monk Thomas Merton. He remains a source of spiritual inspiration and a guide for many people. [. . .] Merton was above all a man of prayer, a thinker who challenged the certitudes of his time and opened new horizons for souls and for the Church. He was also a man of dialogue, a promoter of peace between peoples and religions.
“From this perspective of dialogue, I would like to recognize the efforts made in recent months to help overcome historic differences linked to painful episodes of the past. It is my duty to build bridges and to help all men and women, in any way possible, to do the same. When countries which have been at odds resume the path of dialogue – a dialogue which may have been interrupted for the most legitimate of reasons – new opportunities open up for all. This has required, and requires, courage and daring, which is not the same as irresponsibility. A good political leader is one who, with the interests of all in mind, seizes the moment in a spirit of openness and pragmatism. A good political leader always opts to initiate processes rather than possessing spaces (cf. Evangelii Gaudium, 222-223).
“Being at the service of dialogue and peace also means being truly determined to minimize and, in the long term, to end the many armed conflicts throughout our world. Here we have to ask ourselves: Why are deadly weapons being sold to those who plan to inflict untold suffering on individuals and society? Sadly, the answer, as we all know, is simply for money: money that is drenched in blood, often innocent blood. In the face of this shameful and culpable silence, it is our duty to confront the problem and to stop the arms trade.
“I will end my visit to your country in Philadelphia, where I will take part in the World Meeting of Families. It is my wish that throughout my visit the family should be a recurrent theme. How essential the family has been to the building of this country! And how worthy it remains of our support and encouragement! Yet I cannot hide my concern for the family, which is threatened, perhaps as never before, from within and without. Fundamental relationships are being called into question, as is the very basis of marriage and the family. I can only reiterate the importance and, above all, the richness and the beauty of family life.
“In particular, I would like to call attention to those family members who are the most vulnerable, the young. For many of them, a future filled with countless possibilities beckons, yet so many others seem disoriented and aimless, trapped in a hopeless maze of violence, abuse and despair. Their problems are our problems. We cannot avoid them. We need to face them together, to talk about them and to seek effective solutions rather than getting bogged down in discussions. At the risk of oversimplifying, we might say that we live in a culture which pressures young people not to start a family, because they lack possibilities for the future. Yet this same culture presents others with so many options that they too are dissuaded from starting a family.
“A nation can be considered great when it defends liberty as Lincoln did, when it fosters a culture which enables people to “dream” of full rights for all their brothers and sisters, as Martin Luther King sought to do; when it strives for justice and the cause of the oppressed, as Dorothy Day did by her tireless work, the fruit of a faith which becomes dialogue and sows peace in the contemplative style of Thomas Merton.
“In these remarks I have sought to present some of the richness of your cultural heritage, of the spirit of the American people. It is my desire that this spirit continue to develop and grow, so that as many young people as possible can inherit and dwell in a land which has inspired so many people to dream.
“God bless America!”
教宗方济各首次访美获高调接待，强调政治须为人服务
教宗方济各六天访美之行昨天（九月廿四日）完成美国首都华盛顿的行程，短短三天时间内，出席了在美国官方的欢迎仪式、会见主教团成员、在国会两院联合会议上演讲，以及主持了圣佘肋的封圣大典。
这位来自拉丁美洲的教宗廿二日从古巴抵达华盛顿安德鲁斯空军基地，是他首次踏足这个北美国家，并获美国总统奥巴马全家及副总统拜登亲临欢迎。
翌日，教宗出席在白宫的欢迎仪式后，转往圣玛窦宗徒主教座堂会见美国主教。他勉励主教们面对人类苦难要负起责任，勇敢地接纳难民。
教宗道：“我来不是为了审判你们，或者为你们授课”，愿意与你们分享牧人“应当遵循的道路、在工作中所要含蕴的情愫，以及应本着什么样的精神来采取行动”。
他又说，牧人的身分应该建立在祈祷、宣讲和牧灵上；要避免自我参照和自我陶醉，始终寻求天主的圣意；要学习耶稣的温良与谦卑，并勉励主教们在共融中、以共同协商的方式处理教会事务；还强调了主教与普世教会共融、与在爱德中主持全体教会的罗马主教共融的重要性。
方济各周四出席国会两院联合会议，成为首位出席该会议的教宗。
教宗在会上表示，愿意通过国会议员向全体美国人民说话，包括每日努力为生活而奔波的无数男女、退休老人、希望实现理想的青年。他谈及美国人民在经历的各种危机、张力及冲突中晓得忠于基本价值，找到前行的力量，增强自己的尊严。
他认为，在美国的历史上宗教为建设及巩固社会作出巨大贡献。重要的是，今天应一如既往，使信仰的声音能继续得到聆听，因为这是一个设法使每个人和每个社会发挥最大潜力的友爱声音。
谈到美国一七七六年的《独立宣言》时，教宗说：“任何政治活动都必须谋求并促进人的福祉，以尊重每个人的尊严为本。”这就是说，今天的政治也必须为人服务，而非做助长经济和金融的奴役。
此外，教宗提到美国历史上的四位人物：林肯总统；马丁．路德．金；已成为天主之仆的已故社会运动活跃人士桃乐斯．戴（Dorothy Day），以及具影响力的天主教作家多默．梅顿（Thomas Merton）修士。
今年是纪念林肯总统遇刺一百五十周年，教宗指出纪念他是邀请我们省思争取自由的代价。国会的责任促使我们竭尽全力促进和平与正义，有勇气和智慧去解决众多由地缘政治和经济危机所造成的问题。
马丁．路德．金为美国的非洲后裔争取完全的公民和政治权利。今年是他领导和平游行五十周年。教宗表示，美国是一个大多由移民，外乡人组成的国家，因此他尊重美国民主中关于努力争取自由的思想。
教宗表示：“戴女士的社会工作，为受压迫者伸张正义的热情都是在福音的启发下，受到信德和圣人的激励。”戴是天主教工人运动的创始人，曾为穷人做了许多事。
教宗进而谈到经济发展必须考虑到穷人，为公义服务。公益也包括大地，好能就“我们的共同家园与各方进行对话”，这是他《愿祢受赞颂》通谕的主要思想。
教宗最后提及熙笃会隐修士梅顿，他是个默观、祈祷、对话及在各民族和宗教间推动和平的人。“梅顿以他精神上受到的启发为世界和教会的工作开辟了新前景。”在对话前景上，教宗列举了近期为克服历史差异以及过往痛苦事件作出的努力。
此外，教宗亦贯彻过往的风格，探望了华盛顿的无家者和私下会见了正就医保法案与美国政府对簿公堂的安贫小姊妹修女们。
教宗已在廿四日下午乘坐专机转抵纽约，出席联合国成立七十周年大会活动，并在会上演讲，还会到访九一一纪念公园等地，继续访问行程直到廿七日返回罗马梵蒂冈。
【完】来源：《梵蒂冈电台》，天亚社编辑。
罗马教宗美国国会演讲 重点提及难民问题
（德国之声中文网）面对美国国会议员，教宗努力寻找着共同语言。他说，在美国，大家都是外来移民，所以不会惧怕外来者。这位来自阿根廷的教宗也强调，他自己就是一个移民的儿子。他由此呼吁美国国会以"人道、公正、博爱 "的姿态来应对眼下的难民危机。
他说："我们不应当被巨大的数字吓倒。我们应该将他们看作一个又一个人，看着他们的眼睛。"方济各指出，这场二战以来最大的难民危机给全世界都构成了巨大的挑战；而在美洲，同样也有数以千计的人在往北方迁徙，追寻更好的生活。
目前，移民问题已经成为了美国大选的热门话题。奥巴马总统希望能够避免将数百万非法移民遣送出境，而以特朗普为代表的共和党保守派则坚持应将非法移民驱逐回原籍。
教宗方济各还呼吁美国能够加大力度抗击世界上的贫穷与饥饿，并努力遏制环境破坏。此外，他还就死刑问题向美国喊话："每一个生命都不可侵犯。"美国50个州中，有31个州依然保留了死刑。教宗对议员们说，公正、必要的刑罚绝对不能排除希望与教化。"毕竟，那些洗心革面的人也能够有益于社会。"
教宗在国会发表演讲时，上万观众也在国会山前的露天场地上通过大屏幕收看了转播。
天主教宗出访时，并不经常前往该国议会发表演讲。在此之前，教宗约翰·保罗二世曾经分别在1999年前往波兰议会以及2002年在意大利议会发表讲话。本笃十六世则在2011年于德国议会发表演讲。现任教宗方济各则曾经在2014年于欧洲议会发表讲话。
此次教宗访问美国，共为期五天。周三(9月23日)，他已经与奥巴马总统进行了会晤。教宗同奥巴马谈及了移民以及气候保护话题。同一天，教宗还在华盛顿主持弥撒，册封18世纪的西班牙传教士塞拉(Junipero Serra)为圣徒。目前在美国的天主教徒中，约有1/3为西班牙语裔。按照行程计划，罗马教宗周五还将前往纽约，出席联合国大会。
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